Imirasire y'izubabyahindutse guhitamo gukundwa kubyara ingufu zishobora kubaho kuko zikoresha imbaraga zizuba. Igikorwa cyo gukora imirasire yizuba nikintu cyingenzi cyumusaruro wacyo kuko kigena imikorere nubuziranenge bwibibaho. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura uburyo bwo gukora imirasire yizuba hamwe nintambwe zingenzi zigira uruhare mugushinga ibisubizo birambye byingufu.
Ibikorwa byo gukora imirasire y'izuba bitangirana no gukora imirasire y'izuba, aribyo byubaka ikibaho. Imirasire y'izuba ikozwe muri silicon, ikoreshwa cyane kandi iramba. Intambwe yambere mubikorwa byo gukora ni ugukora wafer, ni uduce duto twa silikoni ikoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo byizuba. Wafers ikorwa binyuze mu nzira yitwa Czochralski, aho kristu ya silikoni ikururwa buhoro buhoro mu bwogero bwa silikoni yashongeshejwe kugira ngo ibe ingirabuzimafatizo ya silicon, hanyuma igacibwa muri wafer.
Nyuma yo gukora wafer ya silicon, bakurikiranwa muburyo bwo kuvura no gukora neza. Ibi birimo doping silicon hamwe nibikoresho byihariye kugirango habeho ibicuruzwa byiza kandi bibi, bifite akamaro kanini kubyara amashanyarazi. Wafer noneho isizwe hamwe na anti-reflive kugirango yongere urumuri kandi igabanye gutakaza ingufu. Iyi nzira ningirakamaro kugirango ingirabuzimafatizo zuba zishobora guhindura urumuri rwizuba amashanyarazi.
Imirasire y'izuba imaze gutegurwa, ikusanyirizwa mu mirasire y'izuba binyuze mu ruhererekane rw'ibikorwa bifitanye isano. Utugingo ngengabuzima dusanzwe dutunganijwe muburyo bwa gride kandi duhujwe hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bitwara amashanyarazi. Uyu muzunguruko utuma ingufu zakozwe na buri selile zihuzwa kandi zigakusanywa, bikavamo ingufu nyinshi muri rusange. Utugingo ngengabuzima noneho dushyirwa mu rwego rwo gukingira, ubusanzwe bukozwe mu kirahure gikonje, kugira ngo birinde ibintu bidukikije nk'ubushuhe n'imyanda.
Intambwe yanyuma mubikorwa byo gukora ni ukugerageza imirasire yizuba kugirango urebe neza imikorere yayo. Ibi bikubiyemo kwifashisha ibice bitandukanye byibidukikije, nkubushyuhe bukabije nubushuhe, kugirango bisuzume igihe kirekire kandi byizewe. Mubyongeyeho, ingufu zisohoka zapimwe zapimwe kugirango hamenyekane imikorere yazo nubushobozi bwo gutanga ingufu. Gusa nyuma yo gutsinda ibyo bizamini bikomeye birashobora gushyirwaho imirasire yizuba kandi igakoreshwa.
Igikorwa cyo gukora imirasire yizuba nigikorwa gikomeye kandi cyuzuye gisaba ikoranabuhanga nubuhanga buhanitse. Buri ntambwe mubikorwa igira uruhare runini muguhitamo imikorere rusange no kuramba kwakanama. Mugihe icyifuzo cyingufu zizuba gikomeje kwiyongera, ababikora bakomeje guhanga udushya no kunoza uburyo bwabo bwo gukora kugirango imirasire yizuba ikore neza kandi irambye.
Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi byateye imbere mu gukora imirasire y'izuba ni iterambere ry’ingirabuzimafatizo zuba zoroheje, zitanga uburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye ku buryo busanzwe bwa silikoni. Imirasire y'izuba yoroheje ikozwe mubikoresho nka kadmium telluride cyangwa umuringa indium gallium selenide kandi irashobora kubikwa kumasoko atandukanye, harimo ibirahuri, ibyuma cyangwa plastike. Ibi bituma habaho byinshi muburyo bwo gushushanya no gukoresha imirasire y'izuba, bigatuma ikwirakwira mugari cyibidukikije hamwe nubushakashatsi.
Ikindi kintu cyingenzi mu gukora imirasire y'izuba ni kwibanda ku buryo burambye no ku bidukikije. Ababikora baragenda bakoresha uburyo bwangiza ibidukikije nibikoresho kugirango bagabanye ikirere cya karubone yumusaruro wizuba. Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa mu nganda, uburyo bwo gukora bukoresha ingufu no gushyira mu bikorwa imicungire y’imyanda na gahunda yo gutunganya. Mugushira imbere kuramba, inganda zikoresha imirasire yizuba ntabwo zigira uruhare muguhindura isi yose kugana ingufu zishobora kubaho, ahubwo binagabanya ingaruka zabyo kubidukikije.
Muri make,gukora imirasire y'izubani inzira igoye ikubiyemo kubyara imirasire y'izuba, guterana mubice, hamwe no kugerageza gukomeye kugirango ubuziranenge nibikorwa. Hamwe nogukomeza gutera imbere kwikoranabuhanga no kwibanda ku buryo burambye, inganda zikoresha imirasire yizuba zikomeje gutera imbere kugirango zitange ibisubizo byingufu kandi bitangiza ibidukikije ejo hazaza. Mugihe ingufu zingufu ziyongera, inzira yo gukora imirasire yizuba ntagushidikanya izakomeza gutera imbere, bigatuma ingufu zikomoka kumirasire y'izuba zikoreshwa nkisoko ryingufu zisukuye kandi zirambye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-01-2024