Nigute washyiraho sisitemu yizuba

Biroroshye cyane gushiraho sisitemu ishobora kubyara amashanyarazi. Hariho ibintu bitanu byingenzi bikenewe:

1. Imirasire y'izuba

2. Ibice bigize ibice

3. Intsinga

4. PV grid ihujwe na inverter

5. Metero yashyizweho na sosiyete ya grid

Guhitamo imirasire y'izuba (module)

Kugeza ubu, imirasire y'izuba ku isoko igabanyijemo silicon amorphous na silicon. Silicon ya Crystalline irashobora kugabanywamo silicon polycrystalline na silicon monocrystalline. Ihinduka rya fotoelectrici yibikoresho bitatu ni: silicon monocrystalline> silicon polycrystalline> amorphous silicon. Silicon ya Crystalline (silicon monocrystalline na silikoni polycrystalline) mubyukuri ntabwo itanga amashanyarazi munsi yumucyo udakomeye, kandi silicon amorphous ifite urumuri rwiza rudakomeye (hariho imbaraga nke munsi yumucyo udakomeye). Kubwibyo, muri rusange, ibikoresho bya monocrystalline silicon cyangwa polycrystalline silicon ibikoresho byizuba bigomba gukoreshwa.

2. Guhitamo

Imirasire y'izuba ni imirongo idasanzwe yagenewe gushyira, gushiraho no gutunganya imirasire y'izuba muri sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi. Ibikoresho rusange ni aluminiyumu ivanze nicyuma, bifite ubuzima bumara igihe kirekire nyuma yo gushyushya. Inkunga igabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: gukurikiranwa no gukora byikora. Kugeza ubu, inkunga zimwe zihamye ku isoko nazo zirashobora guhinduka ukurikije ibihe byizuba byumucyo wizuba. Nkaho iyo yashizwe bwa mbere, umurongo wa buri cyuma cyizuba urashobora guhindurwa kugirango uhuze nimpande zinyuranye zumucyo wimura ibyuma bifata ibyuma, kandi imirasire yizuba irashobora gukosorwa neza kumwanya wabigenewe mukongera.

3. Guhitamo insinga

Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, inverter ihindura DC yakozwe nizuba ryizuba muri AC, bityo igice kiva mumirasire yizuba kugeza DC kumpera ya inverter cyitwa uruhande rwa DC (uruhande rwa DC), naho uruhande rwa DC rukeneye gukoresha umwihariko. amashanyarazi ya DC (umugozi wa DC). Byongeye kandi, kubijyanye no gukoresha amafoto y’amashanyarazi, ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba zikoreshwa kenshi mu bihe bibi by’ibidukikije, nka UV, ozone, ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe bukabije ndetse n’isuri y’imiti, iteganya ko insinga zifotora zigomba kugira ibihe byiza birwanya ikirere, UV na ozone birwanya ruswa, kandi ubashe kwihanganira intera yagutse yubushyuhe.

4. Guhitamo inverter

Mbere ya byose, tekereza ku cyerekezo cy'izuba. Niba imirasire y'izuba itunganijwe mubyerekezo bibiri icyarimwe, birasabwa gukoresha MPPT ikurikirana inverter (MPPT ebyiri). Kugeza magingo aya, birashobora kumvikana nkibintu bibiri bitunganijwe, kandi buri kintu gikora ibarwa mu cyerekezo kimwe. Noneho hitamo inverter ifite ibisobanuro bimwe ukurikije ubushobozi bwashyizweho.

5. Ibipimo byo gupima (metero ebyiri-metero) byashyizweho na sosiyete ya gride

Impamvu yo gushyiraho metero ebyiri zamashanyarazi nuko amashanyarazi atangwa na Photovoltaque adashobora gukoreshwa nabakoresha, mugihe amashanyarazi asigaye agomba koherezwa kuri gride, kandi metero yumuriro igomba gupima umubare. Iyo amashanyarazi yamashanyarazi adashobora guhaza ibyifuzo, agomba gukoresha amashanyarazi ya gride, akeneye gupima undi mubare. Ubusanzwe metero imwe ya watt isaha ntishobora kuzuza iki gisabwa, kubwibyo metero yubwenge ya watt isaha hamwe na metero ebyiri yo gupima metero ikoreshwa.