Amateka yiterambere rya cluster ya lithium

Amapaki ya batiri ya Litiyumu yahinduye uburyo dukoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Kuva kuri terefone zigendanwa kugeza ku binyabiziga byamashanyarazi, ibyo bitanga ingufu zoroheje kandi zikora neza byahindutse igice cyingenzi mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi. Ariko, iterambere ryalisiyumu ya batirintibyigeze bigenda neza. Yanyuze mu mpinduka nini niterambere mu myaka yashize. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzareba amateka yamapaki ya batiri ya lithium nuburyo yagiye ahinduka kugirango duhuze ingufu dukeneye.

Batiri ya mbere ya lithium-ion yakozwe na Stanley Whittingham mu mpera za za 70, bikaba byerekana intangiriro ya revolution ya batiri ya lithium. Batiri ya Whittingham ikoresha titanium disulfide nka cathode nicyuma cya lithium nka anode. Nubwo ubu bwoko bwa bateri bufite ingufu nyinshi, ntibishobora kubaho mubucuruzi kubera impungenge z'umutekano. Icyuma cya Litiyumu ntigikora cyane kandi gishobora gutera ubushyuhe bwumuriro, bigatera umuriro wa batiri cyangwa guturika.

Mu rwego rwo gutsinda ibibazo by’umutekano bijyana na bateri ya lithium, John B. Goodenough nitsinda rye muri kaminuza ya Oxford bavumbuye ibintu bitangaje mu myaka ya za 1980. Basanze ko ukoresheje cathode ya oxyde oxyde aho gukoresha icyuma cya lithium, ibyago byo guhunga ubushyuhe bishobora kuvaho. Lithium cobalt oxide cathodes ya Goodenough yahinduye inganda kandi itanga inzira ya bateri ya lithium-ion yateye imbere dukoresha uyumunsi.

Iterambere rikurikiraho mumapaki ya batiri ya lithium yaje mu myaka ya za 90 ubwo Yoshio Nishi nitsinda rye muri Sony bakoze bateri ya mbere yubucuruzi ya lithium-ion. Basimbuye icyuma cya lithium cyoroshye cyane hamwe na anode ya grafite ihamye, birusheho kunoza umutekano wa bateri. Bitewe nubucucike bwinshi nubuzima burebure, bateri zahise zihinduka isoko yingufu zisanzwe kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigendanwa nka mudasobwa zigendanwa na terefone zigendanwa.

Mu ntangiriro ya 2000, ipaki ya batiri ya lithium yabonye porogaramu nshya mu nganda z’imodoka. Tesla yashinzwe na Martin Eberhard na Mark Tarpenning, yashyize ahagaragara imodoka ya mbere y’amashanyarazi yatsindiye ubucuruzi ikoreshwa na bateri ya lithium-ion. Ibi birerekana intambwe yingenzi mugutezimbere ipaki ya batiri ya lithium, kuko imikoreshereze yabo itagarukira gusa kuri electronique yimukanwa. Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bikoreshwa na paki ya batiri ya lithium bitanga isuku, irambye kumodoka gakondo ikoreshwa na lisansi.

Mugihe ibisabwa kuri paki ya batiri ya lithium yiyongera, imbaraga zubushakashatsi zibanda ku kongera ingufu zingufu no kunoza imikorere yabo muri rusange. Imwe muriyo terambere kwari ugutangiza anode ishingiye kuri silicon. Silicon ifite ubushobozi buhanitse bwo kubika lithium ion, ishobora kongera cyane ingufu za bateri. Nyamara, silicon anode ihura ningorabahizi nkimpinduka zikabije mugihe cyamafaranga-asohora, bikavamo ubuzima bwigihe gito. Abashakashatsi barimo gukora cyane kugirango batsinde izo mbogamizi kugirango bafungure ubushobozi bwuzuye bwa anode ishingiye kuri silicon.

Ikindi gice cyubushakashatsi ni classe ya batiri ya litiro. Izi bateri zikoresha electrolytite ikomeye aho gukoresha electrolytite y'amazi iboneka muri bateri gakondo ya lithium-ion. Batteri ikomeye-itanga ibyiza byinshi, harimo umutekano mwinshi, ubwinshi bwingufu, nubuzima burebure. Nyamara, ubucuruzi bwabo buracyari kare kandi birakenewe ubundi bushakashatsi niterambere kugirango bikemure ibibazo bya tekiniki no kugabanya ibiciro byinganda. 

Urebye imbere, ahazaza hateri ya batiri ya lithium isa nkicyizere. Ibisabwa mu kubika ingufu bikomeje kwiyongera, bitewe n’isoko ry’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi bigenda byiyongera ndetse no gukenera ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu. Imbaraga zubushakashatsi zibanda mugutezimbere bateri zifite ingufu nyinshi, ubushobozi bwumuriro bwihuse, nubuzima burebure. Amashanyarazi ya Litiyumu azagira uruhare runini muguhindura ejo hazaza hasukuye ingufu.

Muri make, amateka yiterambere ryibikoresho bya batiri ya lithium yiboneye udushya twabantu no gukurikirana amashanyarazi meza kandi meza. Kuva mu minsi ya mbere ya bateri ya lithium kugeza kuri bateri yateye imbere ya lithium-ion dukoresha uyumunsi, twabonye iterambere ryinshi muburyo bwo kubika ingufu. Mugihe dukomeje gusunika imbibi zishoboka, paki ya batiri ya lithium izakomeza guhinduka no gushiraho ejo hazaza ho kubika ingufu.

Niba ushishikajwe na cluster ya batiri ya lithium, ikaze kuvugana na Radiance kurishaka amagambo.